Ibicuruzwa birambuye:

Umuyoboro w'amazi ni ubwoko bwa kaseti ndende ifata imbaraga zikomeye, imbaraga zikaze, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya gusaza no kurwanya ruswa.

Gusaba:

Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugushiraho amakarito, kudoda itapi, gukenyera imirimo iremereye nibindi. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa kandi mumodoka, chassis na kabine.

Umuyoboro w'amazi, nanone witwa kaseti, ni umwenda- cyangwa igitutu gishyigikiwe n'umuvuduko ukabije, akenshi usizwe na polyethylene.Hano hari inyubako zinyuranye ukoresheje inyuma ninyuma zitandukanye, kandi ijambo 'duct tape' rikoreshwa kenshi kugirango ryerekane ubwoko bwose bwimyenda itandukanye yintego zitandukanye.Umuyoboro w'imiyoboro ukunze kwitiranywa na kaseti ya gaffer (yagenewe kutagaragaza no kuvanwaho neza, bitandukanye na kaseti).Ubundi buryo butandukanye ni fayili idashobora gushyuha (ntabwo ari imyenda) kaseti ya kaseti ifite akamaro ko gufunga imiyoboro yo gushyushya no gukonjesha, ikorwa kuko kaseti isanzwe itananirwa vuba iyo ikoreshejwe kumashanyarazi.Umuyoboro w'amazi muri rusange ni ibara ry'ifeza, ariko uraboneka no mu yandi mabara ndetse no gushushanya.

Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Revolite (icyo gihe yari igabanijwe na Johnson & Johnson) yakoze kaseti ifata ikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishyirwa ku mwenda muremure w'inyuma.Iyi kaseti yarwanyaga amazi kandi yakoreshwaga nk'ikidodo gifunga amasasu amwe n'amwe muri icyo gihe.

"Duck tape" yanditswe mu nkoranyamagambo ya Oxford y'Icyongereza ya Oxford ko yakoreshejwe kuva mu 1899;

Amateka

Ibikoresho bya mbere byiswe "kaseti ya duck" byari imirongo miremire yimyenda isanzwe yimyenda ikoreshwa mugukora inkweto zikomeye, gushushanya imyenda, no gupfunyika insinga zicyuma cyangwa amashanyarazi kugirango zibarinde kwangirika cyangwa kwambara.Urugero, mu 1902, insinga z'ibyuma zishyigikira ikiraro cya Manhattan zabanje gutwikirizwa amavuta y'intoki hanyuma zizingirwa mu kaseti mbere yo gushyirwaho.Mu myaka ya 1910, inkweto n'inkweto zimwe na zimwe zakoreshaga imyenda ya canvas duck yo hejuru cyangwa kuri insole, kandi kaseti ya daki rimwe na rimwe yaradoda kugirango ikomeze.Mu 1936, Ishyirahamwe ry’abashinzwe inganda z’amashanyarazi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ryerekanye ko gupfunyika kaseti ari bumwe mu buryo bwinshi bwakoreshejwe mu kurinda insinga z'amashanyarazi.Mu 1942, iduka ry’ishami rya Gimbel ryatanze impumyi za venetian zifatanijwe hamwe nuduce duhagaritse kaseti.Izi mikoreshereze yose yavuzwe haruguru yari iy'ipamba isanzwe cyangwa kaseti yenda yazanwe idafite igipande gifatika.

Kaseti zifata ubwoko butandukanye zakoreshwaga mu myaka ya za 1910, harimo imizingo ya kaseti hamwe nigitambara gifatanye uruhande rumwe.Ikariso yera yometse kumyenda yashizwe muri reberi na okiside ya zinc yakoreshwaga mubitaro kugirango ibohe ibikomere, ariko izindi kaseti nka kaseti yo guterana cyangwa kaseti y'amashanyarazi irashobora gusimburwa mugihe cyihutirwa.Mu 1930, ikinyamakuru Popular Mechanics cyasobanuye uburyo bwo gukora kaseti mu rugo ukoresheje kaseti isanzwe yometse mu mazi ashyushye avanze na rozine na reberi biva mu miyoboro y'imbere.

Mu 1923, Richard Gurley Drew ukora muri 3M yahimbye kaseti ya masking, kaseti ishingiye ku mpapuro hamwe n'ifata ryoroheje.Mu 1925, iyi yabaye kaseti ya masiketi ya Scotch.Mu 1930, Drew yakoze kaseti ibonerana ishingiye kuri selofane, yitwa Scotch Tape.Iyi kaseti yakoreshejwe cyane guhera mu Ihungabana rikomeye mu gusana ibikoresho byo mu rugo.Umwanditsi Scott Berkun yanditse ko kaseti ya "imiyoboro" ari uguhindura iyi ntsinzi hakiri kare na 3M.Ariko, nta kintu na kimwe cyahimbwe na Drew cyari gishingiye ku kaseti.

Igitekerezo cyabaye icyuma gifata imiyoboro cyaturutse kuri Vesta Stoudt, umukozi w’uruganda rwa ordnance akaba na nyina w’abasare babiri bo mu mazi barwanira mu mazi, bahangayikishijwe n’uko ibibazo by’ikimenyetso cy’amasasu byatwara abasirikare igihe cy’intambara.Yandikiye Perezida Franklin D. Roosevelt mu 1943 afite igitekerezo cyo gufunga agasanduku akoresheje kaseti, yari yapimishije ku ruganda rwe.Ibaruwa yoherejwe mu Nama ishinzwe umusaruro w’intambara, ishyira Johnson & Johnson ku kazi.Igice cya Revolite cya Johnson & Johnson cyari cyarakoze kaseti zifata imiti zivuye mu mwenda w’imbwa kuva mu 1927 kandi itsinda riyobowe na Johnny Denoye wa Revolite na Bill Gross wa Johnson & Johnson ryateguye kaseti nshya yometseho, yagenewe gutanyagurwa n'intoki, idacibwa n'umukasi.

Ibicuruzwa byabo bishya bitavuzwe amazina byari bikozwe mu njangwe yipamba yoroheje yometse kuri polyethylene itagira amazi (plastike) hamwe n’uruzitiro rw’ibara rishingiye ku cyuma (ryiswe "Polycoat") rihambiriye ku ruhande rumwe.Byari byoroshye gusaba no kuvanaho, kandi bidatinze byahinduwe kugirango bisane ibikoresho bya gisirikare vuba, harimo ibinyabiziga n'intwaro.Iyi kaseti, ifite amabara mu gisirikare gisanzwe cya matte olive drab, yakoreshejwe cyane n'abasirikare.Nyuma yintambara, ibicuruzwa bya kaseti byagurishijwe mububiko bwibikoresho byo gusana urugo.Isosiyete ya Melvin A. Anderson y'i Cleveland, muri Leta ya Ohio, yabonye uburenganzira kuri kaseti mu 1950. Ubusanzwe yakoreshwaga mu bwubatsi mu gupfunyika imiyoboro y'ikirere.Nyuma yiyi porogaramu, izina "kaseti ya duct" ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu myaka ya za 1950, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byafashwe amajwi byari ibara ryijimye ryijimye ryijimye nka tin ductwork.Kaseti yihariye yubushyuhe- kandi idakonje ikozwe hifashishijwe imiyoboro yo gushyushya no guhumeka.Kugeza mu 1960, ikigo cyitiriwe Mutagatifu Louis, Missouri, isosiyete ya HVAC, Albert Arno, Inc., cyanditseho izina "Ductape" kubera kaseti yabo "irwanya umuriro", ishobora guhurira hamwe kuri 350-400°F (177)-204°C).

Mu 1971, Jack Kahl yaguze isosiyete ya Anderson ayita Manco.] Mu 1975, Kahl yahinduye kaseti y'umuyoboro wakozwe na sosiyete ye.Kuberako ijambo rusange ryakoreshwaga mbere "duck tape" ryari ryarakoreshejwe, [kugenzura kunanirwa] yashoboye kuranga ikirango "Duck Tape" no gucuruza ibicuruzwa bye byuzuye hamwe nikirangantego cyikarito yumuhondo.Manco yahisemo izina rya "Duck" nk "ikinamico ku buryo abantu bakunze kwita kaseti ya" duck tape "", no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bahangane n’abandi bagurisha kaseti.Mu 1979, gahunda yo kwamamaza Duck Tape yarimo kohereza amakarita yo kubasuhuza yanditseho inkongoro, inshuro enye mu mwaka, kubayobozi 32,000.Iyi misa y'itumanaho ihujwe n'amabara meza, yorohereza gupakira byafashaga Duck Tape kumenyekana.Uhereye ku bakiriya ba zero hafi ya zeru Manco yaje kugenzura 40% by'isoko rya kaseti ya robine muri Amerika.] Yaguzwe na Henkel mu 1998, mu 2009, Duck Tape yagurishijwe muri Shurtape Technologies, ifitwe n'umuryango wa Shuford wo muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru.Duck ntabwo ari Shurtape yonyine yerekana kaseti;ituro ryabo ryohejuru ryitwa "T-Rex Tape.""Ultimate Duck", yari yarabaye Henkel ku isonga ry'umurongo utandukanye, iracyagurishwa mu Bwongereza. Ultimate Duck, T-Rex Tape, hamwe na Gorilla Tape irushanwa byose byamamaza "ikoranabuhanga ry'ibice bitatu".

Nyuma yo kunguka muri Scotch Tape mu myaka ya za 1930, 3M yakoze materiel ya gisirikare mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, kandi mu 1946 yari imaze gukora kaseti ya mbere y’amashanyarazi ya vinyl.Kugeza mu 1977, isosiyete yagurishaga kaseti idashobora gushyuha.Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90, ishami rya kaseti ya 3M ryinjiza buri mwaka miliyoni 300 z'amadolari, umuyobozi w'inganda muri Amerika.Muri 2004, 3M yahimbye kaseti itagaragara.

Inganda

Imiyoboro ya kijyambere igezweho ikorwa nimwe murimwe mubitambara bitandukanye bikozwe kugirango bitange imbaraga.Urudodo cyangwa kuzuza umugozi wigitambara birashobora kuba ipamba, polyester, nylon, rayon cyangwa fiberglass.Umwenda ni gaze yoroheje cyane yitwa "scrim" ushyizwe kumurongo wa polyethylene (LDPE).Ibara rya LDPE ritangwa na pigment zitandukanye;ibara risanzwe ryijimye rituruka kuri puderi ya aluminiyumu ivanze muri LDPE.Hano hari ubugari bubiri busanzwe bukoreshwa: 1.9 muri (48 mm) na 2 muri (51 mm).Ubundi bugari nabwo buratangwa.Imizingo minini y’ubucuruzi ya kaseti yakozwe mu 2005 kuri Henkel, ifite ubugari bwa santimetero 3,78 (cm 9,6), umurambararo wa santimetero 64 (cm 160) kandi ipima ibiro 650 (290 kg).

Imikoreshereze rusange

Imiyoboro y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane mubihe bisaba kaseti ikomeye, yoroheje, kandi ifatanye cyane.Bamwe bafite ibimera birebire kandi birwanya ikirere.

Impapuro zihariye, gaffer kaseti, idasiga ibisigara bifashe iyo ikuweho, ikundwa na gaffers mu ikinamico, amashusho yerekana amashusho na tereviziyo.

Imiyoboro y'amazi, mu buryo bwayo nka "kaseti y'abasiganwa", "kaseti y'isiganwa" cyangwa "kilometero 100 ku isaha kaseti" imaze imyaka irenga 40 ikoreshwa muri moteri kuri moteri yo gusana umubiri wa fiberglass (mubindi bikoreshwa).Kaseti ya Racer iza muburyo butandukanye bwamabara kugirango ifashe guhuza namabara asanzwe.Mu Bwongereza, bakunze kwita "tank tape" mu gukoresha moteri.

Imikoreshereze kumiyoboro

Igicuruzwa ubu bakunze kwita imiyoboro ya duct ntigomba kwitiranwa na kasete zidasanzwe zagenewe gufunga imiyoboro yo gushyushya no guhumeka (HVAC), nubwo izo kaseti zishobora nanone kwitwa "kaseti."Gutanga amakuru ya laboratoire yerekeranye na kashe na kaseti bimara, kandi bikaba bishoboka ko byananirana, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley, ishami rishinzwe ikoranabuhanga mu bidukikije.Umwanzuro wabo wingenzi ni uko umuntu adakwiye gukoresha kaseti kugira ngo ashyireho imiyoboro (basobanuye kaseti ya kaseti nka kaseti iyo ari yo yose ishingiye ku mwenda hamwe na reberi).Igeragezwa ryakozwe ryerekana ko mubihe bigoye ariko bifatika, kaseti ya robine iba yoroheje kandi irashobora kunanirwa vuba, rimwe na rimwe igacika cyangwa igwa burundu.

Imiyoboro isanzwe itwara ibyemezo byumutekano nka UL cyangwa Proposition 65, bivuze ko kaseti ishobora gutwikwa cyane, bigatanga umwotsi wuburozi;irashobora gutera kuribwa no guhura nuburozi;irashobora kugira imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe;kandi ibifatika bishobora kugira igihe gito cyo kubaho.Gukoresha imiyoboro yabujijwe na leta ya Californiya ndetse no kubaka code ahandi hantu henshi.

Ikoreshwa mu kirere

Nk’uko byatangajwe na injeniyeri wa NASA, Jerry Woodfill, ufite imyaka 52 y'inararibonye muri NASA, kaseti ya duct yari yashyizwe mu butumwa buri butumwa kuva mu ntangiriro za gahunda ya Gemini.

Abashakashatsi ba NASA hamwe n’ibyogajuru bakoresheje kaseti ya duct mu gihe cyakazi kabo, harimo no mubihe bimwe byihutirwa.Imwe mu mikoreshereze nk'iyo yabaye mu 1970 igihe Woodfill yakoraga mu kugenzura ubutumwa, igihe akayunguruzo ka karuboni karuboni ya dioxyde ya Apollo 13 yananiwe gutegekwa kwagombaga guhindurwa kugira ngo ihuze ibyakiriwe mu modoka y'ukwezi, yakoreshwaga nk'ubwato bw'ubuzima nyuma yo guturika en inzira igana ukwezi.Ikibanza cyakoreshwaga cyakoresheje kaseti hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho mu ndege ya Apollo 13, hamwe n’abakozi bo ku butaka baha amabwiriza abakozi b’indege.Ukwezi kwa module ya CO2 scrubbers yatangiye gukora, irokora ubuzima bwaba batatu mubyogajuru.

Mu 2005. Ed Smylie wateguye guhindura scrubber mu minsi ibiri gusa, nyuma yaje kuvuga ko yari azi ko iki kibazo cyakemuka igihe hemejwe ko kaseti y'umuyoboro iri ku cyogajuru ati: "Numvaga turi mu rugo nta buntu." Ikintu kimwe umuhungu wo mu majyepfo atazigera avuga ni iki, 'sinkeka ko kaseti ya duct izabikosora.' "

Imiyoboro y'amazi, yiswe "... kaseti nziza ya kera y'Abanyamerika imeze imvi ..." yakoreshejwe n’indege zo mu bwoko bwa Apollo 17 ku kwezi kugira ngo ishobore gusana fender yangiritse kuri rover ukwezi, kugira ngo hatabaho kwangirika kwatewe na spray umukungugu w'ukwezi uko batwaraga.

Imikoreshereze ya gisirikare

Mu mato yo muri Amerika yo mu mazi, kaseti yometseho yitwa "EB Green", kubera ko kaseti y'umuyoboro yakoreshejwe na Electric Boat yari icyatsi.Yitwa kandi "kaseti ya duck", "kaseti ya riggers", "kaseti ya serwakira", cyangwa "100-mph kaseti".-izina rituruka mugukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwimyanda yagombaga kwihanganira umuyaga wa kilometero 100 (160 km / h; 87 kn).Kaseti yitiriwe izina cyane kuko yakoreshejwe mugihe cyintambara ya Vietnam kugirango isane cyangwa iringanize ibyuma bya kajugujugu.

Ubundi buryo

Umuyoboro wa kaseti wamamaye cyane kandi ukoreshwa cyane byatumye uba umwanya ukomeye mu muco ukunzwe, kandi utera imbaraga nyinshi zo guhanga no gutekereza.

Imiyoboro ya duct tape occlusion (DTOT) nuburyo bugamije kuvura ibisebe ubitwikiriye kaseti mugihe kinini.Ibimenyetso byerekana ko ari byiza;bityo ntibisabwa nkubuvuzi busanzwe.Ariko, ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana ko kuvura imiyoboro ya kaseti ari byiza kuruta uburyo bwo kwivuza buriho.Imiyoboro y'amazi ikoreshwa kenshi mugusana inkweto kubera kwihangana.

Umuyoboro w'amazi wakoreshejwe mu gukemura by'agateganyo ikibazo cya Apple 4 cya Apple cyahagaritswe, nk'ikindi kibazo cya Apple ubwayo.

Mu muco uzwi

Duct Tape Guys (Jim Berg na Tim Nyberg) banditse ibitabo birindwi bivuga kaseti ya duct, guhera mu 2005. Ibitabo byabo byiza cyane byagurishije kopi zirenga miliyoni 1.5 kandi bigaragaramo imikoreshereze nyayo kandi idasanzwe.Muri 1994 bahimbye imvugo ngo "ntabwo ivunika, ibura kaseti gusa".Kuri iyo nteruro hiyongereyeho mu 1995 hamwe no gusohora igitabo cyabo kivuga ku mavuta ya WD-40 igitabo cyari, "Amategeko abiri akugeza mu buzima: Niba akomanze kandi ntagomba kuba, WD-40 ni yo. Niba idatsinzwe kandi igomba. kuba, duct tape it ".Urubuga rwabo rugaragaza ibihumbi byinshi bifata imiyoboro ikoreshwa nabantu ku isi kuva kumyambarire kugeza gusana imodoka.Ihuriro rya WD-40 hamwe na kaseti ya duct rimwe na rimwe byitwa "ibikoresho byo gusana redneck".

Sitcom yo muri Kanada yitwa Red Green Show yerekana izina ryakunze gukoreshwa kaseti (yise "intwaro y'ibanga ya handyman") nk'inzira ngufi yo gufunga neza kimwe no gukoresha bidasanzwe.Urukurikirane rimwe na rimwe rwerekanaga abafana duct kaseti.Urukurikirane rwari rufite firime yerekana ishingiye kuri yo yitwa Duct Tape Iteka ryose hamwe na VHS / DVD nyinshi zakozwe zerekana iki gitaramo cyo gukoresha kaseti.Kuva mu 2000, umuhanzi w'icyamamare Steve Smith (nka "Icyatsi gitukura") yabaye "Ambasaderi wa Tape Tape Tape" kuri 3M.

Umuyoboro wa Discovery umuyoboro wa MythBusters wagaragazaga imiyoboro ya duct mumigani myinshi irimo imikoreshereze idasanzwe.Ibihimbano byemejwe birimo guhagarika imodoka mugihe runaka, kubaka ikibunda gikora, ubwato bwabantu babiri, ubwato bwabantu babiri (hamwe nudupapuro twa kaseti), urukuta rwabantu babiri, sandali yabaroma, shitingi, kumeneka gihamya y'amazi, umugozi, inyundo ishobora gushyigikira uburemere bwumugabo ukuze, ufashe imodoka mu mwanya, ikiraro cyazengurukaga ubugari bwicyuma cyumutse, hamwe na trebuchet yuzuye ikora hamwe na kaseti ya kaseti yonyine.Mu gice cyitwa "Duct Tape Indege", MythBusters yasannye (kandi amaherezo isimburwa) uruhu rwindege yoroheje hamwe na kaseti ya duct hanyuma ayiguruka muri metero nkeya hejuru yumuhanda.

Radiyo Garrison Keillor yerekana kuri A Prairie Murugo Mugenzi arimo iyamamaza ryibihimbano byatewe inkunga na "American Duct Tape Council".